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The Tree Philodendron, known scientifically as Philodendron bipinnatifidum or Philodendron selloum, is a striking plant that has captivated indoor and outdoor plant enthusiasts alike. With its majestic size, lush foliage, and low-maintenance nature, the tree philodendron stands out as a versatile addition to any collection. Whether you’re looking to add a dramatic statement piece to your living room or create shaded outdoor retreats, understanding how to care for this impressive plant is essential. This comprehensive guide will explore everything you need to know about the tree philodendron, from its botanical characteristics to expert growth and maintenance tips.
What is a Tree Philodendron?
Definition and Key Characteristics
The tree philodendron is a large, evergreen tropical plant belonging to the Araceae family. Noted for its impressive stature, it typically grows as a woody, tree-like structure featuring a thick trunk and broad, deeply lobed leaves. Commonly referred to as Philodendron bipinnatifidum or Philodendron selloum, this plant can reach heights of up to 10-15 feet (3-4.5 meters) indoors and even taller outdoors under optimal conditions.
Distinctive features of the tree philodendron include large, shiny, and deeply divided leaves that resemble a palm or fern, providing a lush, tropical aesthetic. Its growth habit is erect, with a single trunk that can develop aerial roots, further adding to its structural appeal.
Botanical Classification
The tree philodendron falls under the genus Philodendron, which comprises hundreds of species primarily native to Central and South America. It thrives in tropical climates, particularly in regions with warm temperatures and high humidity. Its native habitat spans countries such as Brazil, Argentina, and parts of Colombia.
This plant is well-suited for USDA plant hardiness zones 9 through 11 but can be grown in cooler regions as a potted plant, brought indoors during winter. Its adaptability to various climates makes it a favorite among plant lovers worldwide.
Types and Varieties of Tree Philodendron
Common Varieties
- Philodendron selloum: The most recognizable tree philodendron, known for its large, deeply lobed leaves and bushy growth.
- Philodendron bipinnatifidum: Often used interchangeably with selloum, this variety features similar features but may vary slightly in leaf size and growth habit.
- Other cultivars and hybrids: Breeders have developed hybrids that offer variations in leaf coloration, size, and growth rate, expanding the options for enthusiasts.
Differences Between Varieties
| Characteristic | Philodendron selloum | Philodendron bipinnatifidum | Hybrids/Hybrids |
|---|---|---|---|
| Leaf Shape | Deeply lobed, palm-like | Similar but slightly less lobed | Varied, often with coloration differences |
| Size | Up to 10-15 ft tall | Comparable, sometimes slightly smaller | Dependent on cultivar |
| Growth Pattern | Upright with a trunk | Upright, similar | Can be bushier or more compact |
How to Grow and Care for a Tree Philodendron
Planting Requirements
The tree philodendron prefers well-draining, fertile soils rich in organic matter. When planting outdoors, select a location that offers bright, indirect sunlight or partial shade. Too much direct sun can scorch its leaves, while too little light may stunt growth. Indoors, place it near east or west-facing windows for optimal light exposure.
Temperature-wise, it thrives in a range of 65-80°F (18-27°C). Protect it from frost, as temperatures below 50°F (10°C) can damage the plant, especially if grown outdoors in cooler climates.
Watering and Humidity
The tree philodendron prefers moist soil but is susceptible to root rot if overwatered. Water thoroughly when the top inch of soil feels dry, usually every 1-2 weeks, depending on humidity and temperature. Indoors, maintaining humidity levels around 60-80% encourages lush foliage. Mist the leaves regularly or place a humidifier nearby to simulate its natural environment.
Watch for signs of overwatering—yellowing leaves and soggy soil—and adjust watering frequency accordingly. Underwatering leads to wilting and browning leaf edges.
Fertilization
Feed the tree philodendron every 4-6 weeks during the growing season with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer. Organic options like fish emulsion or compost teas are excellent choices, while chemical fertilizers with a 20-20-20 ratio can also promote healthy growth.
Reduce feeding in winter when the plant enters dormancy.
Pruning and Maintenance
Pruning helps maintain a compact shape and encourages bushier growth. Remove dead, damaged, or yellowing leaves regularly using clean, sharp scissors or pruning shears. If the plant outgrows its container, repot into a slightly larger pot using a well-draining potting mix, such as a combination of peat, perlite, and compost.
Propagation Methods
Stem Cuttings
Propagating the tree philodendron through stem cuttings is straightforward. Use a clean, sharp knife to cut a healthy stem just below a node, ensuring it has at least one leaf and aerial roots if possible. Place the cutting in water or moist soil, maintaining warm temperatures and high humidity. Roots typically develop within 4-6 weeks.
Division
For mature plants with multiple stems, division can be an effective method. Carefully gently remove the plant from its pot, separate sections with their own roots, and replant. Keep new divisions in similar soil conditions and maintain consistent watering and light.
Common Pests and Diseases
Pests
- Spider Mites: Tiny pests causing speckled or bronzed leaves, treat with insecticidal soap.
- Mealybugs: White, cottony pests on stems and undersides of leaves, remove with alcohol swabs or neem oil.
- Scale Insects: Small, brown or black bumps on stems, treat with horticultural oil.
Diseases
- Root Rot: Caused by overwatering, leading to black, mushy roots. Prevent by ensuring proper drainage and avoiding excess moisture.
- Leaf Spot: Fungal or bacterial infection resulting in dark spots on leaves. Remove affected foliage and improve air circulation.
Regular inspection and maintaining optimal watering practices help prevent these issues.
Benefits and Uses of Tree Philodendron
Aesthetic Appeal
The tree philodendron adds a dramatic flair to both indoor and outdoor spaces. Its glossy, deeply lobed leaves create a tropical ambiance, perfect for creating focal points in large rooms or garden corners. Its natural, lush appearance complements modern, rustic, or bohemian décor styles.
Air Purifying Qualities
According to NASA’s Clean Air Study, plants like the tree philodendron help remove indoor air pollutants such as formaldehyde, xylene, and benzenes. Its large leaf surface efficiently filters the air, contributing to healthier indoor environments.
Environmental Benefits
In outdoor settings, the tree philodendron can provide shade, reduce temperatures, and improve biodiversity. It’s an eco-friendly decorative option that can also stabilize soil and prevent erosion.
Potential Care Challenges and Troubleshooting
- Yellowing Leaves: Usually a sign of overwatering or poor drainage. Adjust watering schedule and ensure proper pot drainage.
- Slow Growth: Insufficient light or nutrients. Move plant to a brighter location and fertilize regularly.
- Leaf Browning or Edges: Low humidity or salt buildup. Increase humidity and flush the soil periodically.
If problems persist despite troubleshooting, consulting a local horticulturist or plant specialist is advisable.
Legal and Safety Considerations
While the tree philodendron is admired for its beauty, it is also toxic if ingested by pets or children due to the presence of calcium oxalates. It’s essential to place the plant out of reach in households with curious pets or young children. Always wash hands after handling and consider alternative arrangements if toxicity is a concern.
Conclusion
With proper care, the tree philodendron can become a stunning centerpiece that enhances any space with its tropical charm. Remember to provide the right light, watering, and soil conditions, and watch as this majestic plant flourishes. Whether indoors or outdoors, cultivating a healthy tree philodendron is both rewarding and easy with these expert tips. Embrace the lush beauty of this plant and elevate your environment today.
FAQs about Tree Philodendron
- Is the tree philodendron suitable for indoor use?
- How often should I water my tree philodendron?
- Does the tree philodendron need direct sunlight?
- Is the tree philodendron toxic to pets?
- Can I propagate a tree philodendron through cuttings?
- What are the common pests affecting the tree philodendron?
- How do I prevent root rot?
- What soil type is best for a tree philodendron?
- How can I improve humidity for my plant?
- Are there any ornamental hybrids of the tree philodendron?
Yes, it is an excellent indoor plant when provided with adequate light and humidity.
Typically every 1-2 weeks, allowing the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings.
No, it prefers bright, indirect light or partial shade. Too much direct sunlight can scorch the leaves.
Yes, it contains calcium oxalates and can be toxic if ingested by pets or children.
Absolutely. Stem cuttings are an effective method, especially in spring or early summer.
Spider mites, mealybugs, and scale insects are common pests. Regular inspection helps keep them in check.
Ensure well-draining soil and avoid overwatering. Remove any soggy or decayed roots promptly.
A rich, well-draining potting mix with organic matter such as peat and perlite works best.
Misting leaves regularly, using a humidifier, or placing the pot on a tray with pebbles and water can boost humidity levels.
Yes, breeders have created hybrids with varying foliage colors and forms, offering more choices for decorating your space.
Care Checklist for the Tree Philodendron
| Aspect | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Light | Bright, indirect sunlight or partial shade |
| Watering | Allow soil to dry between watering, approximately every 1-2 weeks |
| Temperature | 65-80°F (18-27°C), protect from frost |
| Soil | Well-draining, organic-rich soil |
| Humidity | 60-80%, mist or use humidifiers as needed |
| Fertilizer | Balanced liquid fertilizer every 4-6 weeks during growing season |
| Repotting | Every 2-3 years or when roots outgrow the container |
| Pest Control | Inspect regularly, treat pests promptly with appropriate methods |
By following these comprehensive care practices, your tree philodendron will thrive, bringing lush greenery and tropical elegance into your home or garden. For more detailed guidance or specific questions, consult reputable gardening resources such as The Old Farmer’s Almanac or Washington Park Arboretum.
